Working Like an Elephant Eating Like an Ant Essay Example

Working Like an Elephant Eating Like an Ant Essay Example Working Like an Elephant Eating Like an Ant Paper Working Like an Elephant Eating Like an Ant Paper Soga Fajimi Dr. Matos 15 October 2010 English 101 Working Like an Elephant, Eating Like an Ant Where there is no law there can never be sin. In a similar scale where there are at least two observers reality will be built up, Human rights depict equivalent rights and opportunity for everyone by the reality of being human and without qualification of any sort of race, shading, sex, language, religion, political or different feelings. Notwithstanding, numerous individuals have consistently experienced the absence of them since the beginning. Actually, the absence of human rights has a great deal of impacts on individuals lives. In Up Against Wal-Mart, Karen Olsson depicts inadmissible ways by which Wal-Mart treat their worker while Sebastian Mallaby in â€Å"Progressive Wal-Mart. Really† sees same organization as a guardian angel to poor people and low salary families. We can see the star and con from the two sides. Compromising representative from framing association, infringement of the equivalent compensation law, zero installment for additional time, paying underneath the lowest pay permitted by law, rub Paul to pay Apollo. To see whether the Wal-Mart response against its worker from joining the association isn't right or right, we have to know the definition or what the worker's organization depend on. Trade guild is a relationship of laborers that looks to improve the financial and social prosperity of its individuals through gathering activity. A worker's organization speaks to its individuals in dealings with a business in regards to all the terms and states of a work contract. These exchanges are called aggregate haggling, which is worried about wages, working hours, incidental advantages, professional stability, security and other identified with an employee’s working condition. This procedure is presently an essential piece of the trade guild development and an acknowledged practice in numerous mechanical countries. Olsson states â€Å" In 10 separate cases, the National Labor Relations Board has decided that Wal-Mart over and over violated the law by questioning specialists, appropriating association writing, and terminating association supporters†(p 435). Numerous workers have been terminated in light of the fact that they show enthusiasm for joining association. Since they are not permitted to join association all the incidental advantage had been relinquished. It doesn't talk well when representatives are oppressed by the business. It ought to be noticed that Wal-Mart is obliged to offer a similar compensation and advantages for they can't demonstrate that the distinction in pay or advantages has come about due to an explanation other than one identified with the sexual orientation of the workers. By doing so they have disregarded The Equal Pay Act of 1963 EPA 29 U. S. Code Chapter 8  § 206(d). The Equal Pay Act (some portion of the Fair Labor Standards Act) which restricts wage separation by businesses and work associations dependent on sex. It goes accordingly in area (d) of the Act Prohibition of sex separation: (1) No business having representatives subject to any arrangements of this segment will segregate, inside any foundation wherein such workers are utilized, between representatives based on sex by paying wages to representatives in such foundation at a rate not exactly the rate at which he pays wages to representatives of the other gender in such foundation for equivalent work on employments the exhibition of which require equivalent ability, exertion, and duty, and which are performed under comparative working conditions, aside from where such installment is made compliant with (I) a rank framework; (ii) a legitimacy framework. From the above it is extremely certain that Wal-Mart has damaged the Act, Olsson referenced in two diverse event where Wal-Mart pay the female laborer not exactly the male partners. He states â€Å"The retailer additionally faces a sex segregation claim that blames it for wrongly denying advancements and equivalent compensation to 700,000 women† (344). Besides, â€Å"†¦the organization pays female senior supervisors not as much as men in the equivalent position† (350). Indeed, even Hillary Clinton when she was a first woman in Arkansas she was named to ensure that man and ladies are of equivalent advantage. In any case, all the two situations referenced above happened after, this has affirms that Wal-Mart are brought law into their hand. There ought to be no explanation where any organization or associations like Wal-Mart pay not exactly the lowest pay permitted by law as expressed by the United States Department of Labor. Olsson depicted the wages as low as anything, imaging a worker McLaughlin who has been with the organization for a long time despite everything gaining $16,800 per year and considered high-paid. I don’t figure having second employment ought to be rules to make due throughout everyday life. With the way that they pay not exactly should, they deducted $85 as medical coverage inclusion from the $550 they pay each fourteen day. In a circumstance like this you don’t work to live rather you live to work. We ought to have presumed that Mallaby deserver privileged honor in his section â€Å"Progressive Wal-Mart. Really† on November 28, 2005 where He depicted Wal-Mart as savoir and Samaritan for poor. He states â€Å"The normal client acquires $35,000 per year, contrasted and $50,000 at Target and $74,000 at Costco. Also, Wal-Mart’s â€Å"everyday low prices† make the greatest to the poor† (357). The inquiry is that can there be leg without head? I trust Mallaby more likely than not got his own offer from $6. 6 billion benefits took by Wal-Mart. On the off chance that an organization makes a benefit of over $6 billion, I see no motivation behind why those behind such gigantic ought to endure. The worker of such organization that work like an elephant ought to in a similar scale eat like elephant dislike a subterranean insect. It is a great idea to fulfill client or shopper yet such fulfillment ought to be legitimize and not to focus on Paul request to pay Apollo. Mallaby ought to have considered a situation where Wal-Mart was compelling representatives to stay at work past 40 hours without pay and saw as liable of disregarding the compensation and-hour laws by the jury in Oregon and put himself in a similar shoe with representatives. All the cash that has been squandered to sort out enemy of association courses and those spent on video ought to be for the better living of the representative. Martin Levitt admitted to have helped the organization in creating strategies for hostile to association likewise more likely than not got national cake from the organization such movement in only unreasonable and wrong I accept that soon Mallaby too will admit. To this end Wal-Mart should utilize it’s comfort to badly designed business instead of the other path round it’s trademark â€Å"everyday low price† ought to be reached out to workers It is the greatest private manager in the United States. Not just greatest business, I have most likely that it has aggregated an astounding history of being sued for some, reasons, including unlawfully forestalling the unionizing of its laborers, and pretty much every other possible infringement of laborers rights: victimization the incapacitated, sexual separation, absence of human services inclusion, and unpaid extra time. By and large, lower than the business standard. In the ongoing year there were many legal claims pending against the organization in various states in the US for infringement of extra time laws. It lost most the legal claim where ladies demonstrated that they endured sexual orientation segregation as workers of the organization.

Individual reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singular reflection - Essay Example d three individuals and each part centered around their own part; I thought bunch introductions included collaboration, where all the individuals examined the entire task together. My part included the basic examination of the key monetary, political, socio-social, and ecological components affecting the goal of decision. In addition, I handled the foundation of the goal and the distinguishing proof of the inclusion of partners in the arranging procedure. Our gathering picked North Devon as the goal and examined the administration plan. I felt edified to find different perspectives about North Devon. In the first place, we anticipated how we were to meet for each conversation with the gathering individuals. At the principal meeting, we read the direction of the introduction prerequisites. Each individual from the gathering was given their own job to investigate on. Each individual from the gathering was required to make a framework of what they expected to do. The layout empowered me to be sorted out on my examination from the underlying to definite phases of introducing the discoveries. All the individuals from the gathering postponed their diagram for endorsement by the remainder of the gathering individuals. The conversation bunches helped me to keep on target with my exploration discoveries. We helped each other through sharing of data and the examination procedure. The web was a decent hotspot for me in the exploration and I imparted this to all the gathering individuals. Furthermore, we additionally found the library books a decent wellspring of data, which gave solid data with respect to goal arranging in the travel industry. In any case, I felt that it was so including searching for physical books, while we could discover the data and a portion of the books on the web. In addition, we helped each other with any trouble that we met in the examination procedure. It was a test for us to decide the real structure of our PowerPoint introduction, however we needed to bargain and help each other in the assurance and drafting of the real work. This helped us to orchestrate

Blog Archive New York University (Stern) Essay Analysis, 20142015

Blog Archive New York University (Stern) Essay Analysis, 2014â€"2015 *Please note: You are viewing an essay analysis from the 2014-2015 admissions cycle.  Click here to view our collection of essay analyses for the current admissions season.   The admissions committee at New York University’s (NYU’s) Stern School of Business must be happy with the essay responses  it received from applicants last admissions season, because the school has made no changes to its essay questions for this year. Stern maintains its standard career essay prompt and again gives candidates two completely different options for the second essay, one that is professional in nature and another that is personal. Many applicants will likely be daunted by the “personal expression” option, because the significant latitude it offers can lead to uncertaintyâ€"as in, “Am I doing this right?” We suggest that rather than worrying about which format to choose, you first consider what you want to say as an applicant. Who are you? What do you want the Stern admissions committee to know about you? Once you can answer those questions, determine which option better allows you to showcase your message and your strengths. Essay 1:   Professional Aspirations  (750 word maximum, double-spaced, 12-point font) Why pursue an MBA (or dual degree) at this point in your life? What actions have you taken to determine that Stern is the best fit for your MBA experience? What do you see yourself doing professionally upon graduation? The three points that make up Stern’s Essay 1 question basically constitute a Personal Statement, and because Personal Statements are similar from one application to the next, we have produced the  mbaMission Personal Statement Guide, which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. We offer this guide to candidates  free of charge. Please feel free to download your copy today. And for a thorough exploration of  NYU  Stern’s academic program/merits, defining characteristics, important statistics, social life, academic environment and more, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guide to New York University’s Leonard N. Stern School of Business. Essay 2: Choose Option A or Option B Option A: Your Two Paths  (500 word maximum, double-spaced, 12-point font) The mission of the Stern School of Business is to develop people and ideas that transform the challenges of the 21st century into opportunities to create value for business and society. Given today’s ever-changing global landscape, Stern seeks and develops leaders who thrive in ambiguity, embrace a broad perspective and think creatively about the range of ways they can have impact. Describe two different and distinct paths you could see your career taking long term. How do you see your two paths unfolding? What factors will most determine which path you will take? How do your paths tie to the mission of  NYU  Stern? Given that the school is asking about two possible paths for your long-term career, you may be wondering whether you have room to be vague or uncertain about your goals in this essay. Quite simply, “No.” In fact, you will instead need to present two feasible career options and relate your skills and experiences to both of them very clearly to create an effective, coherent statement and to show not only that you are versatile but also that you know yourself well. The key here is demonstrating that you have a full understanding of the career paths you propose for yourself and truly grasp how and why each one would be a good fit for you. If you write that you could see yourself as either a marketing manager or a hedge fund manager, for example, you will reveal that you actually do not know much about these positions, because the personalities and skills necessary to succeed in the roles are quite different. Although identifying and showing a connection between these options is not impossible (both can require a very intense focus on data mining, for example), your essay will really only be successful if you can effectively show that you know yourself and the two diverse paths well. A more plausibleâ€"and likely convincingâ€"option is to choose two positions that are more relatable to each other, such as entrepreneur and politician. There is no “right” combination for this essay, but whatever you propose has to be credible. Basically, Stern is saying that it wants to know that you are able to make the most of opportunities, even if life (or the economy!) throws you a curveball. By thoughtfully discussing two feasible alternatives, you will prove that you are multitalented and prepared to knock any curveball out of the park. To best answer the question that relates to Stern’s mission, you must first understandâ€"you guessed it!â€"the school’s mission, which Stern conveniently provides as the intro to its Option A questions. The school’s mission is clearly quite broad. You need not address every aspect of it in your essay, but make sure that you connect your proposed paths to at least one element of Stern’s statement. Further, you should definitely not trot out clichés about “doing good,” just because Stern has the word “society” in its mission. In short, avoid approaching this part of the essay with a “What do they want to hear?” perspective and truly consider how your stated career trajectories relate to the school’s objectivesâ€"think deeply about who you are, where you want to be and how your ambitions and values connect with Stern’s own mission. Option B: Personal Expression Please describe yourself to your MBA classmates. You may use almost any method to convey your message (e.g. words, illustrations). Feel free to be creative. (See Stern’s essay write-up in more depth via this link.) In  NYU  Stern’s famed “personal expression” essay, you have a phenomenal opportunity to differentiate yourself from the rest of the applicant pool in two distinct ways. The first is the vehicle through which you choose to reveal your persona. By using a creative and captivating format, you can grab the admissions committee’s interest and compel your “reader” to pay close attention to your content. However, be sure to consider the possible limitations of certain clever options, not just their uniqueness. For example, although a baseball card may be aesthetically pleasing, this format severely limits the amount of information you can convey because of its size and anticipated style. Instead, if you were to submit a eulogy theoretically written by your best friend (and you CAN submit something that is written, but do not use this idea; it is now public), the format would be sufficiently broad to allow you to touch on all that is unique about you. The second way this essay q uestion allows you to differentiate yourself is through your content. Ideally, you will use this opportunity to showcase a diversity of professional, personal, academic and community accomplishments that you were not able to share in essay one. The personal expression allows you to reveal your true personality and “likeability” beyond your professional/academic competencies. One important note:  NYU  Stern is accepting multimedia presentations, but do not feel compelled to use this option if this is not something with which you are comfortable, and if you  do  choose this method, do not worry about the level of your Web design or video production skills relative to others’. For this essay, content trumps style. In fact, at an mbaMission event, we interviewed various admissions officers, students and alumni from  NYU  Stern who spoke of some incredibly simple “personal expression” submissions that had captivated the admissions committeeâ€"and many of these were straightforward essays! Essay 3. Additional Information (optional) Please provide any additional information that you would like to bring to the attention of the Admissions Committee. This may include current or past gaps in employment, further explanation of your undergraduate record or self-reported academic transcript(s), plans to retake the GMAT, GRE and/or TOEFL or any other relevant information. If you are unable to submit a recommendation from your current supervisor, you must explain your reason, even if you are a re-applicant. If you are a re-applicant from last year, please explain how your candidacy has improved since your last application. However tempted you might be, this is not the place to paste in a strong essay from another school or to offer a few anecdotes that you were unable to use in any of your other essays. Instead, this is your opportunity, if needed, to address any lingering questions that an admissions officer may have about your candidacy, such as a poor grade or overall GPA, a low GMAT score, a gap in your work experience, etc. In our  mbaMission Optional Statement Guide, we offer detailed advice on when and how to take advantage of the optional essay, with multiple examples, to help you mitigate any problem areas in your profile. Whether you have improved your academic record, received a promotion, begun a new and exciting project, increased your community involvement or taken on some sort of personal challenge since you last applied, the key to success with this essay is conveying a very deliberate path of achievement. Stern  wants to know that you have been actively striving to improve yourself and your profile, and that you have seized opportunities during the previous year to do so, because an NYU Stern MBA is vital to you. The responses to this essay question will vary greatly from one candidate to the next, because each person’s needs and experiences differ. We are more than happy to provide one-on-one assistance with this highly personal essay to ensure that your efforts over the past year are presented in the best light possible. Share ThisTweet 2014-2015 Business School MBA Essay Analysis New York University (Stern)

Dreams in Langston Hughes Poems - 1401 Words

Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go through and what they had to experience. Although some of his writing pieces tell about horrible and sad times of the African American people, throughout his poems he brings hope and peace for the culture. The pieces he wrote may not be pleasant to read, however, the past†¦show more content†¦Most have seen these things or felt them at a single time. Using phrases like these help the readers to understand all the feelings that went into writing the poem. Langston Hughes was not a cryptic writer. His feel ings and thoughts were left on the page. In this poem his thoughts were said to be more focused on the division between different cultures and wishing for the divider to be broken. â€Å"Let America Be America Again† has a similar theme. It not only reflects the feelings the African American culture had during this period, but it makes the reader feel these feelings too. The beginning statement in the poem, â€Å"Let America Be America Again,† makes the reader question what America was. What was America like? Another line from the poem, â€Å"Let it be the dream it used to be,† directly relates to the theme in the previous poem â€Å"Harlem† because in both poems Langston Hughes wishes and wants to take action to recover the way people used to be treated. The basis of â€Å"Let America Be America Again† is that, in Langston Hughes’ opinion, everyone should be equal and treated fairly. No one should be discriminated because of their backgroun d. Literary critic James Presley says that the poem was written in order to beg for the Dream that never was. His opinion is that Langston Hughes’ view of the so-called â€Å"American Dream† was not really a dream at all. He goes into detail that Langston Hughes’ saw the dream as â€Å"ragged, uneven, splotched, and often unattainable goalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Dream By Langston Hughes1909 Words   |  8 Pagesof each poem are very similar, but yet are different in their own unique way as well. The two pomes are about dreams, the first poem, Dream is about what could possibly happen if we let go of our dreams and don t purse them. The second poem, Harlem is about the possibilities of what could happen when we postpone our dreams. Both poems do not exactly end with a happy ending, for they show the regret that we will be left with, possibly even death. The poem Dream by Langston Hughes is aboutRead MoreA Brief Look at Langston Hughes1413 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go throughRead MoreA Prize For Poetry, International Ibsen Award You Named. Langston Hughes1058 Words   |  5 Pagesyou named. Langston Hughes is a great poet, his poems are truly inspirational, persuasive. It s almost like he was talking directly to the reader. To begin with, have you ever wondered what impact Langston Hughes poems had on people lives. Well if so then you on the right place. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His parents were Caroline Mercer Langston and James Nathaniel Hughes. Langston parents divorced when he was a kid, Langston was raisedRead MoreRacism and Langston Hughes658 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes was a great African American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist (â€Å"The Biography of Langston Hughes†). As a child, he grew up in the times of racial inequality. As a result, his poems often shared the recurring theme of hope, breaking free from racial inequality, and to strive for a better future. This theme was very evident in the poems â€Å"Dreams† and â€Å"I Dream a World†, by Langston Hughes. This common theme is a result of the era Hughes grew up in. James LangstonRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesartists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poet, journalist, playwright, and novelist whose works were incredibly well known. It was during the peak of the Harlem Renaissance in which Langston Hughes produced poetry which was not just musically and artistically sound, but also captured the essence of the blues. Thus giving life to a new version of poetry that illustrated the African American struggle between society and oneself. Langston Hughes was one of theRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry649 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes, the most memorable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, wrote everything from plays, short stories, novels, and most importantly poetry. Hughes’ writing is based on his personal views on frustration that he had towards the plight of African Americans. Langston has no fear with anything he is involved in and sto od up for his people. Unfortunately, his people responded negatively towards his actions, for they thought he was creating more racial tensions. Nevertheless, this was not Hughes’Read MoreThe Writing Style Of Langston Hughes1001 Words   |  5 Pagescollective, is one of the many legacies of Hughes, who has been called â€Å"the architect† of the black poetic tradition. He is certainly one of the world’s most universally beloved poets, read by children and teachers, scholars and poets, musicians and historians. Langston Hughes became the voice of black America in the 1920s, when his first published poems brought him more than moderate success. Throughout his lifetime, his work encompassed both popular lyrical poems, and more controversial political workRead MoreLangston Hughes Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes was a large influence on the African-American population of America. Some of the ways he did this was how his poetry influenced Martin Lut her King Jr. and the Harlem Renaissance. These caused the civil rights movement that resulted in African-Americans getting the rights that they deserved in the United States. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was young and his grandmother raised him. She got him into literature and education; she was one ofRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Langston Hughess A Dream Deferred1028 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of the poem must take place. It unveils and discusses the themes, figures of speech, word placement, and flow of the piece, and A Dream Deferred, is no exception. In Langston Hughess poem, A Dream Deferred, the theme is that no really knows to dreams if they are not reached, and very realistic figures of speech help convey this idea; the poem can be surprisingly related to Mr. Hughess life through the subtitle and quotes from Langston himself. The meaning of, A Dream Deferred, isRead MoreThe Life Poems of Langston Hughes Essay775 Words   |  4 Pagesliving with many relatives, Langston Hughes experienced poverty. Langston Hughes used poetry to speak to the people. Langston Hughes is a pioneer of African American literature and the Harlem renaissance error. Mr. Hughes dedicated his poems to the struggles, pride, dreams, and racial injustices of African American people. Langston Hughes was born James Langston Hughes, February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. Langston Hughes, named after his grandfather James Mercer Langston, was the first African

Discuss How Race and Ethnicity Perpetuate Inequality in...

When groups of people see themselves, or are perceived by others, to be racially distinct from the rest of a population, the question that arises is whether members of these groups are treated equally. Politicians have long spoken of being a multicultural society, promoting tolerance and integration. Proud of a society where one can reap in financial or social status rewards through sheer hard work Ââ€" where the nature of ones race or ethnicity is not a factor. Bessant (2002) said racist attitudes are alive and well today. The concepts of ‘race and ‘ethnicity perpetuate inequality for people who are considered different from the dominant group. This essay will show how race and ethnicity are at a disadvantage to equally accessing†¦show more content†¦Examples of racist behaviour include ridicule, racist abuse, property damage, racial harassment, racist propaganda, racial vilification and physical assault. It also includes practices that exploit or exclude members of particular groups from aspects of society. Racist behaviour may be direct or indirect in nature. Direct racial discrimination is the unfair or unequal treatment of a person or group on racial grounds. An example would be employers who wont hire someone on the basis of their cultural background. This type of discrimination is usually deliberate. Indirect racial discrimination is seemly equitable on the surface, but in practice disadvantages people from particular groups. Indirect racial discrimination can occur even when there is no intention to discriminate. Racism has played a central role in Australias history, firstly, in the relationship between Indigenous people and the Europeans. Aborigines endured a long history of social injustice through the Europeans invasion, which saw demographic, spiritual catastrophe and cultural dispossession. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were disposed of their land and were discriminated against by the first British and European settlers. Colonisation meant local populations lost their traditionalShow MoreRelatedCultural Competency Definitions8081 Words   |  33 PagesMinistry of Healthy Living and Sport and its’ stakeholders and partners. Culture General Definitions of Culture It is important to define what is meant by culture. Definitions of culture are often confused by using terminology such as ‘race’ and ‘ethnicity’ but a basic definition of culture reveals a far broader understanding. One definition of culture is: The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thoughtRead MoreFamily As A Social Institution Doc Essay5585 Words   |  23 PagesThree 07 3.4 Stage Four 07-08 3.5 Stage Five 08 3.6 Stage Six 08 4. Role Of Family 08-09 4.1 Toward children 09 4.2 Toward Parent 09-10 5. 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Never before in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included inRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesdevelopment of Rasta that deï ¬ es the notion that it is a movement of the insane and the misguided. Given the way in which Rastafarianism has arrived in the world, it is useful when someone is able to help us understand its origins and propose how we can then comprehend how it functions in the world today. 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Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experienceRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesRating Scale 166 Comparison Data 166 Source of Personal Stress 166 3 SOLVING PROBLEMS ANALYTICALLY AND CREATIVELY 167 SKILL ASSESSMENT 168 Diagnostic Surveys for Creative Problem Solving 168 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 168 How Creative Are You ? 169 Innovative Attitude Scale 171 Creative Style Assessment 172 SKILL LEARNING 174 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 174 Steps in Analytical Problem Solving 174 Defining the Problem 174 Generating Alternatives 176 Evaluating

Lkjlj - 768 Words

Axia College Material Appendix A Final Project Overview and Timeline Final Project Overview: Analyze a Sociological Issue In this course you have learned about many different kinds of social problems in societies around the world and in the United States, such as poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization. For the final project, you will write a 1,750- to 2,450-word paper examining the impact of a current social problem on a particular social group. You may choose a social problem and social group from the list below, or you can research a social problem and social group that is not in the list. However, if you choose your own,†¦show more content†¦| |Fossil Fuel Dependency and Americans | | | |Racial Profiling and Male African Americans | | | |Ageism and the Elderly | | | |Ethnocentrism and Immigrants in the United States | | | |Modernization and Indigenous Cultures | | | |Racial Discrimination and Hispanics in the United

Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients Free Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Answer: Introduction COPD is a chronic condition that leads to the impairment of the respiratory system due to the destruction of the alveoli and inflammation of the airway. While it can be stable in its chronic state among patients, COPD exacerbations are life-threatening and therefore need stringent measures to manage. This study will focus on highlighting the pathophysiology of COPD and its exacerbation especially among long-term smokers. The discussion will also highlight the medical and nursing plans, patient education and the discharge plan of one case-Bill McDonald suffering from COPD exacerbations. Pathophysiology of COPD as Seen in the Patient Cigarette smokers who have a stable COPD usually experience a chronic inflammation in their entire tracheobronchial tree. This inflammation brings about an increase in macrophage and CD8 T lymphocyte numbers within the walls of the airway, including neutrophils in the lumen of the airway (Sallis, 2016). Prolonged smoking which causes COPD brings about the destruction of a patients lung parenchyma cells which line the alveoli. The alveoli walls thus lose elasticity and get damaged. While a healthy airway and/or air sacs are made of elastic contracting and relaxing muscles to enable breathing, inflamed and further obstructed airways for the case of COPD patients, leads to a lower respiratory rate and tidal volume (Turan et al, 2013). This impact on the patients ventilation-perfusion ratio resulting to impaired ventilation. The air which is trapped within the large spaces in the altered alveoli walls inhibits lung deflation leading to an impaired gaseous exchange across the alveoli. On the other hand, ineffective airway clearance which results from airway inflammation and poor lung deflation forms part of the chronic symptoms of the disease. Obstruction bronchitis is one of the major sub-conditions in COPD. It is characterized by bronchi and bronchiole inflammation (Nguyen et al, 2015). The inflammation in the airway also leads to mucus gland hyperplasia and increase in phlegm and mucus produced by the goblet cells. Excessive phlegm and mucus damages the cilia in the airway and even further blocking the patients respiratory linings. In acute cases also described as exacerbation of COPD, the patients experiencing worsened chronic inflammation of their airways as a result of air pollutants and viral and/or bacterial infections (World Health Organization, 2013). During these exacerbations, patients inflammatory cellular pattern undergoes changes including an increase in eosinophils and neutrophil numbers. Other inflammatory mediators also increase in numbers; cytokines particularly the tumor necrosis factor-, chemokines like CXCL8; different chemokine receptors like CCR3 and/or CXCR2; E-selectin and/or ICAM-1adhesion molecules; oxidative stress markers among others(Sallis, 2016). The worsening state of airway inflammation is thus responsible for the extensive deterioration of the functioning of the lungs of patients and their poorer clinical status in times of exacerbations. Therefore, exacerbation of COPD which is the acute status of the disease is an event within its natural course which presents with changes in a patients normal chronic cough, sputum and/or dyspnea (Turan et al, 2013). This change in the disease pattern brings about the need for change in its management. Management Plans for Acute COPD Exacerbation Nursing Plan The nursing plan for acute COPD exacerbation concentrates on the management of the following causative factors of the worsening disease pattern; primary defenses that are inadequate due to decreased ciliary action and malnutrition; imbalance in oxygen supply in the tissues and the demanded amount leading to immobility and; clogged airways(Hillegass et al, 2017). In regard to managing primary defenses that are inadequate due to decreased ciliary action and malnutrition, a nurse needs to understand the risk factors, the intervention to reduce the risks and illustrate the necessary changes in the lifestyle of the patient (Vestbo et al, 2013). The nurse will monitor the patient temperature to ensure that it remains within the right range as the infection can lead to serious fever. The nurse should advice on nutrition and let the patient be provided with a proper diet (Nguyen et al, 2015) since exacerbations result to increased metabolic rate. The nurse should also advice the patient to r educe the smoking rate and prolonged smoking which flares up COPD. In regard to managing the imbalance particularly between oxygen supply within the tissues and its demanded amount which leads immobility a nurse should aim at improving patient mobility and their tolerance to exercises (Bradley Curry, 2013). The patient should then be put on pulmonary rehabilitation while being encouraged to change to a healthy lifestyle involving diet monitoring behavior. These interventions should thus result in nutritional balance and normal levels of both arterial CO2 and O2. Medical Management There is need for to medically manage the clogging of the airways among patients with acute exacerbation of COPD as a result of excessive mucus production. The medication plan here includes relieving the symptoms of the acute exacerbation of COPD and preventing further complications. The nursing intervention thus includes administering oral prednisone, ipratropium and also salbutamol medicine using nebulizers in order to improve the breathing rate and ease of the patients (Sallis, 2016). While the oral prednisone medicine acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, both ipratropium and salbutamol form a good combination of bronchodilators which improve the mucous clearance rate. They also improve the smooth muscle dilation and thus facilitating an improved breathing among patients. The medications above if administered among acute exacerbation COPD patients lead to an improved ability to exercise and also contribute to a better quality of life. In particular, oral prednisone blocks eosinophilic inflammatory markers at the airway, including the serum C-reactive protein leading to a decrease in the inflammation of the airway so as to reduce dyspnea. Oral prednisone should be administered to the patient in amounts ranging between 40mg and 100mg in each 6 hour period (Vestbo et al, 2013). It is an important oral corticosteroid that decreases inflammation of the airways while speeding up the recovery rate. On the other hand Ipratropium Bromide and/or salbutamol nebulizers have an inhalation solution which comprise of ipratropium bromide and Salbutamol combination. The 65 year Bill McDonald should be given an adult dose of 3Ml vial through nebulization four times each day including an allowance of 2 additional doses of 3Ml of the vial each day (Bolton et al, 2013). The patient should however be monitored for side effects including general body aches, congestion of the ears, and even chills due to hypersensitivity. Oral amoxicilli n can be given to the patient as a first-line antibiotic (500mg tablet) given 3 times a day (Vestbo et al, 2013). All the oral antibiotics need to be administered to the patient in between 5 and 10 days. More importantly, bacterial infection signs such as flu and/or pneumonia must be monitored for management. Home Care Considerations for Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients There are different factors that need to be considered particularly in regard to home care for patients that need to be discharged from hospitalized care for acute exacerbation of COPD. One of the factors includes the availability of necessary equipment to enhance further management of the disease, including a seamless transfer of care from hospital to the home (Sallis, 2016). As explained, this particular equipment has been already availed for Bill McDonalds use. However, the hospital nurse should consider and asses its appropriateness. Secondly, there is need to consider the ability of homecare agents, community and family to recognize exacerbation early signs in the patient, the ease and plan to call for a doctor in case of unmanageable patient situation(Bradley Curry, 2013). It is also important to understand whether the disease management coordinator has educated the family and the patient sufficiently on self-monitoring and self-management approaches before discharge. Another important consideration before discharging the patient includes the possibility or convenience for home visits by medical doctors to follow up on the patient treatment. Studies indicate that there is need to consider the possibility and capability of a patient engaging in active lifestyle which can support both their physical and mental health, airway clearance, and even enables an early detection of exacerbation of COPD for rapid response (Bolton et al, 2013). Further, there is need to consider the patients capability to adhere to medication, proper diet and smoking cessation plan while under homecare before discharging them. Usually adherence to medication is influenced by a patients perception of the effectiveness of the medication, and their individual depression moods, apart from demographic factors and the severity of the disease (Sallis, 2016). Appropriate dietary needs must be available for patients in homecare facilities so as to fasten healing and stabilization of COPD patients though physical exercises. Support Resources in the Community Learning Needs on Disease Process and Discharge Plan Among the support resources available to Bill McDonald in the community include the oxygen equipment and the community homecare nurse who can facilitate the availability of other resources. These can include indoor and outdoor platforms for physical exercises such as flat walking, body stretching, aerobics, and resistance exercises. According the British Thoracic Society there is need, to have resources for moderate intensity aerobic trainings in homes for COPD patients (Sallis, 2016). They should strive to achieve a 60% of the peak work rate within a 30-60 minute session. They also need to have resistance trainings to enhance the functioning of the major muscles at least each in every 48 hour interval. Proper diet and education materials on smoking cessation and self-management of COPD also form the most imperative tools for COPD patients (Nguyen et al, 2015). The community nurse as a resource can aid in educating the patient to monitor their own treatment process, assess and monito r their oxygen needs for both home and activity sessions while by extension addressing their psychosocial concerns and co-morbidity. In regard to learning needs a COPD patient like Bill McDonald requires education on; medication adherence, mobility, home oxygen titration, the use of pursed-lip breathing approach, airway clearance, smoking cessation approaches, avoidance means of exposure to any perfumes, dust, chemicals which trigger the exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among patients(Sallis, 2016). These learning needs are appropriate in regard to management and are important during patient discharge from hospitalized care. Knowing well that patients forget up to a whole 80% of the content they are taught after a hospital visit, a target of at least 50% retention of the teachings can be important for Bill. There is need to use the Teach Back approach which includes 5 major steps (Khdour et al, 2012); 1. Sharing the information on the above learning needs; 2 asking the patient to repeat the teachings; 3 listening to the information they have retained from the teachings; 4 sharing again the cru cial teachings on the identified learning needs and further; 5 asking again what the patient has picked from the teachings for clarifications. In particular the patient should first be taught on how to use both the metered dose inhaler (MDI) and/or the spacer in the administration of bronchodilators. Secondly the patient needs to be taught to stop smoking and that it is major cause of their chronic obstructive pulmonary disease status. The patient needs to be taught the pathophysiology of the disease and ways of preventing airway and alveoli wall inflammations (Turan et al, 2013). Thirdly, the patient needs to have an explicit understanding of the early indicators of COPD deterioration which may need a medical review. The patient should be informed on monitoring indicators to ensure that any rapid changes in the disease pattern are reported to the home care nurse and/or doctor (Nguyen et al, 2015). Further, the patient needs education and training on the promotion of adequate nutritional intake so as to meet the bodys metabolic needs. Conclusion In conclusion therefore, while COPD is a chronic condition that can be stabilized, exacerbations are life-threatening and therefore need stringent measures to be prevented. The above discussion brings out the definition of COPD and its description as a chronic condition that however can be extremely acute when exacerbation occurs especially among long-term smokers. The discussion focuses on highlighting the medical and nursing plans, patient education and the discharge plan of one case-Bill McDonald suffering from COPD exacerbations. 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